Starmer also says he will increase defense spending to 2.5% of GDP from its current level of about 2.3%, but has not set a deadline. He said spending would be “responsibly increased” to bolster Britain’s “hollowed-out armed forces.”

The Ministry of Defense said the review would aim to strengthen U.K. homeland security, bolster Ukraine in its fight against Russia, and “modernize and maintain” Britain’s nuclear arsenal.

Robertson, a former British defense secretary — who was NATO Secretary-General between 1999 and 2003 — will be assisted by ex-White House adviser Fiona Hill and Gen. Richard Barrons, a former director of operations for the U.K. armed forces.

Robertson told British reporters that the U.K. and its NATO allies were “confronted by a deadly quartet of nations, increasingly working together,” referring to Russia, Iran, North Korea and China.

The U.K. has refrained from calling China a threat, with officials often referring to it as a “strategic challenge.”

At a summit in Washington last week, the 32-nation Western military alliance called China a “decisive enabler” of Russia’s war against Ukraine, its most serious rebuke yet against Beijing. China insists that it does not provide military aid to Russia but has maintained strong trade ties with its northern neighbor since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

The review is scheduled to issue its report in the first half of 2025 and will help set Britain’s defense policy for the next decade.

“We need to be clear-eyed about the threats we face, with the world becoming more volatile and technology changing the nature of warfare,” U.K. Defense Secretary John Healey said. “In response, our armed forces need to be better ready to fight, more integrated and more innovative.”